I guess we have two goals to solve the first task. Identify the hash algo and crask it.

There great cli tools like hash-id or online tools like Cyberchef to help us identify - or at least - limit the possible hash aglos.

Task 1

Task 1.1

» 48bb6e862e54f2a795ffc4e541caed4d

Save hash to file root@ip-10-10-192-12:~# echo 48bb6e862e54f2a795ffc4e541caed4d > hash1.txt

Using hashid to check for possible algos:

root@ip-10-10-192-12:~# hashid hash1.txt
--File 'hash1.txt'--
Analyzing '48bb6e862e54f2a795ffc4e541caed4d'
[+] MD2
[+] MD5
[+] MD4
[+] Double MD5
[+] LM
[+] RIPEMD-128
[+] Haval-128
[...]

hashid suggests it could be MD5, so we are going with it for our first example.

To crack the hash, we are going to use hashcat.

hashcat [options] hashfile [mask|wordfiles|directories]

hashcat --hash-type=0 --attack-mode=0 ./hash1.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

We choose --hash-type=0 for MD5 and --attack-mode=0 as we use a simple wordlist. Information can be found in the hashcat manual.

hashcat --help
[...]
Hash types
       0 = MD5
       10 = md5($pass.$salt)
       20 = md5($salt.$pass)
       30 = md5(unicode($pass).$salt)
       40 = md5($salt.unicode($pass))
       50 = HMAC-MD5 (key = $pass)
       60 = HMAC-MD5 (key = $salt)
       100 = SHA1
       110 = sha1($pass.$salt)
       120 = sha1($salt.$pass)
[...]
  # | Mode
 ===+======
  0 | Straight
  1 | Combination
  3 | Brute-force
  6 | Hybrid Wordlist + Mask
  7 | Hybrid Mask + Wordlist
  9 | Association
[...]

Result

* Filename..: /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
* Passwords.: 14344391
* Bytes.....: 139921497
* Keyspace..: 14344384
* Runtime...: 2 secs

48bb6e862e54f2a795ffc4e541caed4d:****        <<<<< RESULT

Session..........: hashcat
Status...........: Cracked
Hash.Name........: MD5
Hash.Target......: 48bb6e862e54f2a795ffc4e541caed4d

Task 1.2

» CBFDAC6008F9CAB4083784CBD1874F76618D2A97

I’d assume SHA-1 and we are going with it.

root@ip-10-10-192-12:~# echo CBFDAC6008F9CAB4083784CBD1874F76618D2A97 > hash2.txt

hashcat --hash-type=100 --attack-mode=0 ./hash2.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

--hash-type=100 for SHA-1.

And we got a hit!

Result

[...]
Dictionary cache hit:
* Filename..: /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
* Passwords.: 14344384
* Bytes.....: 139921497
* Keyspace..: 14344384

cbfdac6008f9cab4083784cbd1874f76618d2a97:***********            <<<<< RESULT

Session..........: hashcat
Status...........: Cracked
Hash.Name........: SHA1
Hash.Target......: cbfdac6008f9cab4083784cbd1874f76618d2a97
[...]

Task 1.3

» 1C8BFE8F801D79745C4631D09FFF36C82AA37FC4CCE4FC946683D7B336B63032

I’d assume SHA-256. Let us repeat the process. Hint SHA-256 is using SHA2, which is important to find the algo in the list.

hashcat --help | grep -i sha2-
   1300 | SHA2-224                                            | Raw Hash
   1400 | SHA2-256                                            | Raw Hash
  10800 | SHA2-384                                            | Raw Hash
[...]

Create hash file: root@ip-10-10-192-12:~# echo 1C8BFE8F801D79745C4631D09FFF36C82AA37FC4CCE4FC946683D7B336B63032 > hash3.txt

Start hashcat hashcat --hash-type=1400 --attack-mode=0 ./hash3.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Result

[...]
Dictionary cache hit:
* Filename..: /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
* Passwords.: 14344384
* Bytes.....: 139921497
* Keyspace..: 14344384

1c8bfe8f801d79745c4631d09fff36c82aa37fc4cce4fc946683d7b336b63032:*******        <<<<<< RESULT

Session..........: hashcat
Status...........: Cracked
Hash.Name........: SHA2-256
Hash.Target......: 1c8bfe8f801d79745c4631d09fff36c82aa37fc4cce4fc94668...b63032
Time.Started.....: Wed Feb 14 20:42:32 2024 (0 secs)
[...]

Task 1.4

» $2y$12$Dwt1BZj6pcyc3Dy1FWZ5ieeUznr71EeNkJkUlypTsgbX1H68wsRom

The tools to identify hashes had some problems with it but using the hashcat reference list helped us:

3200 bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish (Unix) $2a$05$LhayLxezLhK1LhWvKxCyLOj0j1u.Kj0jZ0pEmm134uzrQlFvQJLF6

 hashcat --help | grep -i bcrypt
   3200 | bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish (Unix)                        | Operating System

Create hash file: echo '$2y$12$Dwt1BZj6pcyc3Dy1FWZ5ieeUznr71EeNkJkUlypTsgbX1H68wsRom' > hash4.txt Note Added single quotes to work with $ and echo.

hashcat --hash-type=3200 --attack-mode=0 ./hash4.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

So, bcrypt blowfish is a hash function that takes time on purpose. It makes it difficult to crack as you need time or a lot of resources. I’ve switch to my main machine as the AttackBox of THM would take a while to hash it. hashcat -I to check the device ID of my GPU and add it to our command with -d IDoftheFGPU to speed things up:

Result

[...]
$2y$12$Dwt1BZj6pcyc3Dy1FWZ5ieeUznr71EeNkJkUlypTsgbX1H68wsRom:****            <<<< RESULT

Session..........: hashcat
Status...........: Cracked
Hash.Mode........: 3200 (bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish (Unix))
[...]

Task 1.5

» 279412f945939ba78ce0758d3fd83daa

So, it could be MD5 again, but that would be too easy, no?

Save hash to file: echo 279412f945939ba78ce0758d3fd83daa > hash5.txt

I got through MD5 and MD4 and no success. I’ve changed my approach and looked into the wordlist. After some reading decided to use a toggle-attack to modify the casing of the words used. hashcat can do it with rules. Example rules can be found on Github and Explanation on their official Wiki.

Download rule and save as file: curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hashcat/hashcat/master/rules/toggles2.rule > toggle2.rule toggle2 modifies the first 2 letters.

We can use the -r flag to choose the rule. Let us start with MD5:

hashcat --hash-type=0 --attack-mode=0 ./hash5.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -r toggle2.rule

No success! - Let us continue with MD4 - hash-type 900:

hashcat --hash-type=900 --attack-mode=0 ./hash5.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -r toggle2.rule

Success! - Result:

[...]
Dictionary cache hit:
* Filename..: ./rockyou.txt
* Passwords.: 14344384
* Bytes.....: 139921497
* Keyspace..: 1721326080

279412f945939ba78ce0758d3fd83daa:******            <<<< RESULT

Session..........: hashcat
Status...........: Cracked
Hash.Mode........: 900 (MD4)
Hash.Target......: 279412f945939ba78ce0758d3fd83daa
[...]

Not gonna lie, took me while to figure it out.

Task 2

Task 2.1

» F09EDCB1FCEFC6DFB23DC3505A882655FF77375ED8AA2D1C13F640FCCC2D0C85

Similar to the previous one, SHA256 according to the tools

Save hash to file: echo F09EDCB1FCEFC6DFB23DC3505A882655FF77375ED8AA2D1C13F640FCCC2D0C85 > hash6.txt

Run hashcat: hashcat --hash-type=1400 --attack-mode=0 ./hash6.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Result

Dictionary cache hit:
* Filename..: ./rockyou.txt
* Passwords.: 14344384
* Bytes.....: 139921497
* Keyspace..: 14344384

f09edcb1fcefc6dfb23dc3505a882655ff77375ed8aa2d1c13f640fccc2d0c85:*****         <<<< RESULT

Session..........: hashcat
Status...........: Cracked
Hash.Mode........: 1400 (SHA2-256)
Hash.Target......: f09edcb1fcefc6dfb23dc3505a882655ff77375ed8aa2d1c13f...2d0c85

Task 2.2

» 1DFECA0C002AE40B8619ECF94819CC1B

MD4 or MD5 - rinse and repeat.

Save hash to file: echo 1DFECA0C002AE40B8619ECF94819CC1B > hash7.txt

Run hashcast for MD5: hashcat --hash-type=0 --attack-mode=0 ./hash7.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

No success with MD5, MD4 and any toggle-attack. I’ve learned that you can run hashcat without a hash-type and it will make suggestions.

`hashcat --attack-mode=0 ./hash7.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt`
[...]

The following 11 hash-modes match the structure of your input hash:

      # | Name                                                | Category
  ======+=====================================================+======================================
    900 | MD4                                                 | Raw Hash
      0 | MD5                                                 | Raw Hash
     70 | md5(utf16le($pass))                                 | Raw Hash
   2600 | md5(md5($pass))                                     | Raw Hash salted and/or iterated
   3500 | md5(md5(md5($pass)))                                | Raw Hash salted and/or iterated
   4400 | md5(sha1($pass))                                    | Raw Hash salted and/or iterated
  20900 | md5(sha1($pass).md5($pass).sha1($pass))             | Raw Hash salted and/or iterated
   4300 | md5(strtoupper(md5($pass)))                         | Raw Hash salted and/or iterated
   1000 | NTLM                                                | Operating System
   9900 | Radmin2                                             | Operating System
   8600 | Lotus Notes/Domino 5                                | Enterprise Application Software (EAS)

Let us try NTLM, shall we? hashcat --hash-type=1000 --attack-mode=0 ./hash7.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Result

[...]
Dictionary cache hit:
* Filename..: ./rockyou.txt
* Passwords.: 14344384
* Bytes.....: 139921497
* Keyspace..: 14344384

1dfeca0c002ae40b8619ecf94819cc1b:*********        <<<<< RESULT

Session..........: hashcat
Status...........: Cracked
Hash.Mode........: 1000 (NTLM)
Hash.Target......: 1dfeca0c002ae40b8619ecf94819cc1b
[...]

Task 2.3

» $6$aReallyHardSalt$6WKUTqzq.UQQmrm0p/T7MPpMbGNnzXPMAXi4bJMl9be.cfi3/qxIf.hsGpS41BqMhSrHVXgMpdjS6xeKZAs02.

Salt given: aReallyHardSalt

Note: the salt is already in the hash, so we don’t need another syntax.

echo '$6$aReallyHardSalt$6WKUTqzq.UQQmrm0p/T7MPpMbGNnzXPMAXi4bJMl9be.cfi3/qxIf.hsGpS41BqMhSrHVXgMpdjS6xeKZAs02. > hash8.txt'

Identifying the algo was a little bit more difficult again. Tools let me down so I used the example list on their Wiki again:

1800 sha512crypt $6$, SHA512 (Unix) 2 $6$52450745$k5ka2p8bFuSmoVT1tzOyyuaREkkKBcCNqoDKzYiJL9RaE8yMnPgh2XzzF0NDrUhgrcLwg78xs1w5pJiypEdFX/ 2000 STDOUT n/a

Run hashcat - this will take a while… hashcat --hash-type=1800 --attack-mode=0 ./hash8.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Success!

Task 2.4

» e5d8870e5bdd26602cab8dbe07a942c8669e56d6

Salt given: tryhackme

Could be SHA-1 with salt. Not sure about the syntax, but hashcat will let us know.

Let’s begin with the first hit:

kuser@pleasejustwork:/etc/X11$ hashcat --help | grep -i sha1                                               [...]
    110 | sha1($pass.$salt)                                   | Raw Hash salted and/or iterated
[...]

The required syntax of the hashfile is hash:salt: echo 'e5d8870e5bdd26602cab8dbe07a942c8669e56d6:tryhackme' > hash9.txt

I can tell you, it was not 110 and I worked my way through up to 160 which worked out!

hashcat --hash-type=160 --attack-mode=0 ./hash9.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Result

Dictionary cache hit:
* Filename..: ./rockyou.txt
* Passwords.: 14344384
* Bytes.....: 139921497
* Keyspace..: 14344384

e5d8870e5bdd26602cab8dbe07a942c8669e56d6:tryhackme:*******        <<<< RESULT

Session..........: hashcat
Status...........: Cracked
Hash.Mode........: 160 (HMAC-SHA1 (key = $salt))
Hash.Target......: e5d8870e5bdd26602cab8dbe07a942c8669e56d6:tryhackme